The milky way is expanding faster than the speed of sound

The milky way is expanding faster than the speed of sound

Our Milky Way galaxy is growing faster than the speed of sound, researchers believe as new stars pop up in its hinterlands.

"The milky way is pretty big already," lead study author Cristina Martinez-Lombilla, a doctoral candidate at the Astrophysics Institute of the Canary Islands, which is based on the island of Tenerife, she said in a statement.

"But our work shows that at least the visible part of it is slowly increasing in size, as stars form on the galactic outskirts," Martínez-Lombilla added. "It won't be quick, but if you could travel forward in time and look at the galaxy in 3 billion years' time, it would be about 5 percent bigger than (it is) today."

The Milky Way is a spiral galaxy about 100,000 light-years wide that harbors several hundred billion stars. (Scientists aren't sure of the exact number.) It's tough to gauge the galaxy's growth directly because we're in the middle of it. So Martínez-Lombilla and her team looked to other spiral galaxies as a guide.

The researchers analyzed the outer reaches of a number of spiral galaxies, using optical-light data gathered by the ground-based Sloan Digital Sky Survey and near-ultraviolet and near-infrared information collected by NASA's Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) and Spitzer space telescopes, respectively. (Both GALEX and Spitzer launched in 2003. GALEX was decommissioned in 2013, but Spitzer remains operational today.)

The star birth and movement the team observed indicate that galaxies like the Milky Way are expanding at about 1,100 mph (1,770 km/h) — 1.4 times the speed of sound at sea level here on Earth.

In the Milky Way's case, this relatively gradual growth will be swamped in about 4 billion years by a dramatic event: a collision with the spiral galaxy Andromeda. The two spirals will merge to form the "Milkdromeda" mega-galaxy, astronomers say.